| The Woodchuck (Marmota monax) - Woodchucks, also known as groundhogs or marmots, belong to the squirrel family (Sciuridae). The name “woodchuck” may come from a Cree word, “otcheck.” Also nicknamed "whistle pigs," they make a variety of whistling, squealing, barking and chattering sounds.
- They live in the eastern and central United States, across Canada and into Alaska. Their preferred habitat is the forest edge bordering meadows, streams and roads. This puts them at risk for being hit by cars.
- Woodchucks can swim and climb trees. They can run about 10 mph for short distances.
- Woodchucks are crepuscular (most active in the morning and evening). Except in the spring, they are solitary—unlike most burrowing rodents.
- Woodchucks dig complex burrow systems with many special-use chambers. Foxes, skunks, opossums, raccoons, and rabbits may find shelter in their burrows during the winter.
- Litters of four to six young stay with the mother for two to three months. Generally speaking, only those born in the first 2 or 3 weeks of April are likely to survive. Those born earlier have insufficient food, and those born later don't have enough time to build up enough fat for hibernation.
- During the summer and fall, woodchucks feed heavily in preparation for hibernation from early November into March. The woodchuck enters its burrow and curls into what appears to be a lifeless ball. Its body temperature drops to only a few degrees warmer than its surroundings, and its heart rate decreases from 75 to 3-4 beats per minute.
- Smart (or maybe lucky!) woodchucks may live 5-6 years in the wild, but most live only about 2 years. They've been known to live up to 10 years in captivity.
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